Do I need a Dutch oven?
It is the easiest way to trap steam and get great oven spring. If you do not have one, bake on a preheated sheet pan or baking steel and place a sturdy metal pan on the lower rack. Right after loading the bread, carefully pour 1/2 to 1 cup boiling water into the lower pan and quickly close the oven. Use oven mitts and keep your face and hands back, steam burns are no joke.
My dough feels sticky. Did I mess up?
Probably not. Sourdough starts sticky and becomes smoother as gluten develops and fermentation progresses. Use wet hands for folds, and give it time. If it is still soup after a couple folds, your flour may be lower protein or your kitchen is warm. You can hold back 25 to 50 g water next time.
How do I know my starter is active enough?
Look for a starter that doubles in 4 to 6 hours after feeding at around 75°F, with a domed top and lots of bubbles. The float test is optional and not always reliable, but the rise and bubbly structure are.
How do I know bulk fermentation is done?
Look for about a 30% to 50% rise, a slightly domed top, bubbles along the sides, and a dough that jiggles like it has secrets. It should feel airy and lighter, not dense. Bulk time can swing a lot with starter strength and dough temperature, so trust the cues more than the clock.
Why didn’t my loaf spring in the oven?
Most common causes are over-proofing, under-proofing, a weak starter, or not enough steam and heat. Use an oven thermometer if you can. Also, make sure your Dutch oven is fully preheated.
Can I use all-purpose flour instead of bread flour?
Yes. The crumb may be a bit tighter and the dough can feel stickier. If using all-purpose, consider holding back 25 g water and add it only if the dough feels strong.
How do I make it more tangy?
A longer cold proof (think 16 to 24 hours) often boosts tang. You can also nudge flavor by using a lower inoculation (a bit less starter), keeping bulk fermentation slightly cooler, or using a starter that is a touch more acidic. Time helps, but it is not the only lever.