How do I make sure short ribs are tender?
Tender short ribs are about time and temperature, not force. Keep the oven around 300°F and braise until the meat yields easily when poked with a fork, usually 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 hours, but it can take 4+ hours if the ribs are especially thick or your oven runs cool. A great doneness cue: a fork should twist in the meat with almost no resistance, and the meat should pull back from the bone.
If they are tough, they usually just need more time. If they are dry and shreddy, the heat may have been too high or they may have cooked past the sweet spot. Keep it at a gentle simmer in the pot and a steady 300°F in the oven.
Do I have to use red wine?
No. You can swap the wine for more beef broth plus 1 tablespoon balsamic vinegar or red wine vinegar for acidity. The flavor will be slightly different, but still delicious.
What cut of short ribs should I buy?
Look for English-cut short ribs (thick, individual bone-in pieces). They are ideal for braising. Flanken-cut ribs (thin strips cut across the bones) cook faster and are better for grilling or quick braises, so timing will be very different.
Bone-in or boneless short ribs?
Either works. Bone-in usually brings a little more flavor and stays juicy, but boneless is easier to serve. If boneless, start checking tenderness a bit earlier.
Why is my sauce greasy?
Short ribs render a lot of fat. Skim the surface with a spoon, or chill overnight and remove the hardened fat. Also, do not skip the step where you drain off excess fat after searing.
Can I do this in a slow cooker or Instant Pot?
Yes, with a small tradeoff in sauce depth unless you still sear first. For slow cooker: sear, build the braise, then cook 8 hours on low. For Instant Pot: sear on sauté, pressure cook 35 to 55 minutes depending on rib size, then natural release 15 minutes. Check tenderness and add a few more minutes if needed. Reduce the sauce on sauté afterward to thicken.