Is gobi aloo supposed to be dry or saucy?
Both exist. This recipe lands in the middle: not soupy, but not dusty either. The masala clings to the vegetables with just enough moisture to spoon over rice or scoop with naan.
Can I make it without tomatoes?
Yes. Swap the tomatoes for 2 tablespoons tomato paste plus 1/3 cup water, or use 1/2 cup plain yogurt stirred in off the heat at the end for tang and body.
How do I keep cauliflower from getting mushy?
Do not overcrowd the pan and do not add lots of water. Let the florets sit and brown before stirring. If you cover the pan, do it briefly and uncover to evaporate moisture.
Can I use frozen cauliflower?
You can, but it will be softer and release water. Thaw and pat dry, then cook uncovered and expect less browning. Fresh cauliflower is the move when you want crisp edges.
How spicy is this? How do I keep it mild?
With 1 serrano, it is a gentle warmth. With 2 (especially with seeds), it can start to bite. For mild: skip the chiles entirely or use 1/2 chile with seeds removed. Kashmiri chili powder is mostly for color and mild heat, and paprika is even gentler.
What can I add for protein?
Chickpeas are perfect here. Add 1 can (drained and rinsed) when you add the cauliflower back into the masala. Paneer also works: sear cubes first, then fold in at the end.
My pan is not big enough. What should I do?
If your skillet is smaller than 12 inches, brown the cauliflower in batches so it actually browns instead of steaming. You can also roast the cauliflower on a sheet pan at 425°F for 20 to 25 minutes, then stir it into the masala at the end.