Same-Day Timeline
Assumes a warm-ish kitchen (72 to 78 F). Cooler kitchens take longer. Warmer kitchens move faster.
- Mix: 10 minutes
- Rest: 20 minutes
- Bulk fermentation: 3 to 5 hours
- Proof: 60 to 120 minutes
- Bake: 40 to 45 minutes
Sample schedule: 10:00 mix, 10:20 add salt, 10:20 to 11:20 folds, 11:20 to 2:30 bulk, 2:30 pre-shape, 2:45 shape, 2:45 to 4:00 proof, 4:00 bake, 5:00 slice.

1) Mix the dough
In a large bowl, whisk 350 g warm water and 100 g active starter until the starter loosens up and the water looks cloudy.
Add 500 g flour and mix until no dry flour remains. The dough will look shaggy and feel sticky. Cover and let it rest 20 minutes. (Because the starter is already in the mix, this is more of a short rest than a classic autolyse. Still very useful.)

2) Add salt, then build strength
Sprinkle 10 g salt over the dough. Pinch and fold the dough until the salt is fully incorporated and the dough tightens slightly, about 2 to 3 minutes.
Now do 3 sets of stretch-and-folds over the next hour:
- Every 20 minutes, grab one side of the dough, stretch it up, fold it over. Rotate the bowl and repeat 4 times.
- By the third set, the dough should feel smoother and hold its shape better.

3) Bulk ferment until puffy
Cover the bowl and let the dough rise until it is 50 to 75 percent larger, looks bubbly around the edges, and feels lighter. This usually takes 3 to 5 hours depending on starter strength and room temp.
Temperature tip: Aim for a dough temperature in the mid to upper 70s F if you can. Warm is helpful, hot is not. If you use the oven-light trick, check occasionally so the dough stays cozy, not overheated.
Quick warmth trick: If your kitchen is cool, place the bowl in the oven with the light on (oven off).

4) Pre-shape and rest
Lightly flour the counter. Turn out the dough and gently shape it into a round by tucking the edges under. Let it rest 15 minutes uncovered. This relaxes the gluten so final shaping is easier.

5) Final shape and proof
Shape into a tight boule: flip the dough seam-side up, fold the bottom up, then sides in. Roll it up gently, then pinch the seam closed. If the dough feels loose, do a quick stitch: make 3 to 5 small folds from the edges toward the center to cinch it tighter.
Flip seam-side down and drag it gently on the counter to create surface tension.
Place seam-side up in a banneton dusted with rice flour, or in a towel-lined bowl dusted with flour. Cover and proof 60 to 120 minutes.
Proof test: Gently press the dough with a floured finger. If it springs back slowly and leaves a slight dent, you are ready. If it snaps back fast, give it more time.

6) Preheat the oven and Dutch oven
Place your Dutch oven (with lid) in the oven and preheat to 500 F for at least 30 minutes. Hot pot equals better rise. This part matters.
If baking without a Dutch oven, preheat a baking stone or heavy sheet pan on the middle rack and place an empty metal pan on the lowest rack to heat up too.
7) Score and bake
Cut a piece of parchment. Flip the dough onto it so it is seam-side down. Dust lightly with flour if you want that classic look.
Score one confident slash about 1/4 inch deep. If your dough is very tight and holds shape like a champ, you can go a little deeper. If it is softer, keep it shallower so it does not spread.
Dutch oven method: Carefully lower the dough on parchment into the hot Dutch oven, cover, and bake 20 minutes at 500 F. Then reduce to 450 F, uncover, and bake 20 to 25 minutes more until deeply golden.
No Dutch oven method: Slide the dough (on parchment) onto the hot stone or pan. Wearing oven mitts, carefully pour 1 cup hot water into the preheated metal pan on the lowest rack to create steam, then close the door fast. Bake at 475 F for 40 to 45 minutes, then carefully remove the steam pan after the first 20 minutes to vent.
Doneness check: The crust should be deeply browned. For the most reliable test, the center should read 208 to 212 F on an instant-read thermometer.

8) Cool before slicing
Move the loaf to a wire rack and let it cool at least 60 minutes. Cutting early can make the crumb gummy, even if it smells like heaven and is trying to seduce you.